Keyword stuffing - Here are three different types of keyword stuffing and their definitions. Pay close attention to the last one. It might sound very familiar! 1. Visible. Definition: Visible keyword stuffing is the intentional act of overusing a single keyword throughout web content to boost page rankings in Google search results. Often, this includes the ...

 
Drawbacks of Keyword Stuffing. Keyword stuffing is like placing too much sugar in your coffee—it ruins the taste and is harmful as well! By packing in excessive, repeated phrases into your content’s cup, you forsake natural flow and can turn off readers. In an attempt to gain visibility, you end up losing it.. My fico credit score

Oct 23, 2023 · Google today is generally very good at identifying—and ignoring—many types of over-optimization. But there are a couple of tactics that still carry the risk of incurring manual penalties. 1. Keyword stuffing. Keyword stuffing is the process of cramming a page full of keywords, in an attempt to rank higher for those keywords. Mengenal Apa Itu Keyword Stuffing. Keyword stuffing adalah memasukkan kata kunci yang berlebihan dalam sebuah artikel atau konten. Jadi saat di cek, kamu bisa menemukan banyak sekali kata kunci dalam artikel tersebut yang sengaja di masukkan dengan tujuan agar bisa terindeks di mesin pencari Google.Oct 22, 2023 · Drawbacks of Keyword Stuffing. Keyword stuffing is like placing too much sugar in your coffee—it ruins the taste and is harmful as well! By packing in excessive, repeated phrases into your content’s cup, you forsake natural flow and can turn off readers. In an attempt to gain visibility, you end up losing it. One such tactic is keyword stuffing. It is the process of overstuffing a web page for a particular keyword (s) to rank higher for such keywords during an organic search. It is a manipulative tactic to trick search engines. However, it has now become outdated and redundant.That’s known as keyword stuffing or keyword spamming. Keyword Density. Put simply, keyword density is the ratio (or percentage) of the number of times your keyword appears on the page of your article, versus the number of words on the page. For example, if your home page has 500 words of body copy and your keyword phrase appears 5 times, …Keyword stuffing is excessively filling a web page or content with the same keyword phrases to manipulate search rankings. Learn why keyword stuffing is bad, how to check it, and how to optimize content better with …Keyword Stuffing từng là một trong những kỹ thuật SEO được nhiều bạn SEOer truyền tai nhau nhằm gia tăng thứ hạng cho website. Thế nhưng, ở thời điểm hiện tại Keyword Stuffing không còn được ưa chuộng, thậm chí nếu bạn không biết cách tối ưu còn có nguy cơ dính án phạt của Google.Oct 4, 2020 · Why Keyword Stuffing Is Bad. On the technical side of things, keyword stuffing is bad because Google will penalize your site for it and not rank your site in search results. In terms of worst-case scenario, being blacklisted from Google and not ranking is kind of a big deal. On the other side of that, user experience is a major factor in not ... Cash stuffing disadvantage No. 3: Paying in cash doesn't build credit. If you want to build credit history and improve your credit score, you can't just use cash -- you need credit …Are you looking to elevate your Thanksgiving feast with a delicious bread stuffing for turkey? Look no further. In this article, we will provide you with step-by-step instructions ...Sep 30, 2021 · Seo keyword stuffing and overuse of the visible KW make it obvious you are dumping extra key terms in content and creating irrelevancy. #1.1. Unnatural Repeating. For instance, if you write an article on the Best Vacuum cleaner in 1000 words and write the best vacuum cleaner more than 30-40 times, it is KWS. 8 Ways To Avoid Keyword Stuffing. While keyword stuffing can feel like a reasonable way to quickly optimize content, it can do more harm than good. Instead of keyword stuffing, consider the following best practices. Perform Valuable Keyword Research. Keyword research is a huge part of SEO efforts, and it …Keyword stuffing is a black hat SEO technique that involves the excessive use of keywords in a website’s content in order to manipulate search engine rankings. It is a practice that is frowned upon by search engines and can lead to penalties or even a ban from the search engine.A keyword stuffing checker tool refers to online software that can crawl a webpage’s content, extract its keywords, and analyze those keywords against all the words to determine what is known as a keyword density. I won’t go into great detail in this article to explain keyword density, but know in a nutshell it is represented as a ...Keyword stuffing is the practice of inserting a large number of keywords into a web page’s content, usually in an attempt to manipulate a site’s ranking in search engines. This technique involves the deliberate overuse of keywords on a web page. Keyword stuffing can be done for many reasons, but …“'Keyword stuffing' refers to the practice of loading a webpage with keywords or numbers in an attempt to manipulate a site's ranking in Google search results.Roast a stuffed turkey breast weighing between 3 and 5.5 lbs. for up to 2 hours and 45 minutes in an oven preheated to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. Roast a stuffed turkey breast that we...Oct 6, 2021 · When done right, resume keyword optimization is savvy and above board. It enhances your resume to work in sync with ATS without turning off recruiters. However, taking keywords to their extreme in the form of resume keyword stuffing is always a bad idea. Click to rate this article. [Total: 18 Average: 3.1] Jul 18, 2020 · Keyword stuffing generally refers to the excessive and manipulative use of keywords on a page with the aim of improving the page’s ranking for that keyword without creating any benefit for the user. This technique worked until around the beginning of 2000. It was also common for this tactic to include keywords as “ hidden text ” on the ... Making your own stuffed animal is a great way to get creative and make something special for yourself or a loved one. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced crafter, there are...Is Keyword Stuffing Bad for SEO? The short answer is yes, and it’s a Black Hat SEO. But to explain a little further, we must understand how. After you pick your keywords and place them in blocks of text, something called the keyword density happens. It means how many times you used your keywords in your …To fix a keyword stuffing penalty, simply follow the steps below. Go to Google Search Console > Crawl > Fetch. Fetch pages from the affected portions of your website. Look for text that is similar in colour to the body of the web page. Look for hidden text using CSS styling or positioning.Keyword stuffing is the excessive use of a target keyword in on-page content to rank for it. Learn why keyword stuffing is a spam technique and how to avoid it with natural and high-quality …1. Keyword stuffing (nhồi nhét từ khóa) là gì? Keyword stuffing hay nhồi nhét từ khóa là lỗi khi bạn cố tình lặp đi lặp lại một từ khóa nhiều lần trên một trang để đánh lừa hệ thống xếp hạng tìm kiếm.Có thể khẳng định, hiện nay kỹ thuật này không chỉ không cải thiện vị trí tìm kiếm mà còn có thể thổi ...What is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is when you use the same keywords (or phrases) over and over again in your website’s content. It is usually easy to notice and will put readers off. There are two types of keyword stuffing: 1. Visible. Unnecessary repetition of words and phrases throughout all your content.What is Keyword stuffing? According to Google’s guidelines, keyword stuffing, in simple terms, is an unhealthy practice of excessively filling a web page with random keywords where the ultimate goal is to manipulate the search engine’s ranking system. Previously, it was easier to manipulate Google’s SERP (search engine results …Keyword stuffing is shoving as many keywords as possible into a title, bullet, description, or Seller Central back-end. Amazon is stingy with its character counts these days, so every word matters. Therefore, filling the back-end keywords, your listing title, and other areas with everything that possibly relates … Here are three different types of keyword stuffing and their definitions. Pay close attention to the last one. It might sound very familiar! 1. Visible. Definition: Visible keyword stuffing is the intentional act of overusing a single keyword throughout web content to boost page rankings in Google search results. Often, this includes the ... What is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is when you use the same keywords (or phrases) over and over again in your website’s content. It is usually easy to notice and will put readers off. There are two types of keyword stuffing: 1. Visible. Unnecessary repetition of words and phrases throughout all your content. Keyword stuffing is an SEO overoptimization technique resulting from excessive use of keywords in content. It is based on the repeated and conscientious repetition of a keyword in a text. It is a negative technique since beyond seeking positioning easily and effortlessly, it does not provide anything of value for the user, considerably reducing ... Keyword stuffing is the practice of cramming as many keywords as possible on a webpage, often in a way that feels forced and unnatural to the reader. Typically, this was accomplished by including lengthy footers at the bottom of webpages, which would contain dozens – or even hundreds – of slight keyword variants of common search terms. ...Sep 13, 2021 · Le keyword stuffing est une technique SEO qui consiste à utiliser une quantité très importante de mots clés dans un contenu web. Cette pratique assimilée à du spam vise à suroptimiser les pages pour améliorer leur positionnement dans les moteurs de recherche. Keyword stuffing is when someone attempts to manipulate their position in the search results by concentrating relevant keywords. Search engines can tell when keywords are abnormally distributed throughout the text or in a website’s meta tags.If the same keywords follow one another too closely, the search engine will downgrade the website and it will …Keyword Density measures the frequency of use of keyword/phrase on a webpage. Overuse of keywords referred to as stuffing, is penalized by search engines.Plus: Why fish farms are heading offshore Good morning, Quartz readers! Democrats eye control of the Senate. After flipping Pennsylvania and holding Nevada, only Georgia stands in ...Dec 27, 2023 · Officially, Google defines keyword stuffing as: “Keyword stuffing refers to the practice of filling a web page with keywords or numbers in an attempt to manipulate rankings in Google Search results. Often, these keywords appear in a list or group, unnaturally, or out of context.”. Learn more: SEO glossary 250+ terms explained. Don't do it." Keyword stuffing, by the way, super easy to pattern match for engines. It's going to make searchers click the Back button. So use a lot of caution if you're thinking about that. What about on-page keyword use? Remember that on-page keyword use is only a small piece of the algorithm. We're talking …Keyword Stuffing bezeichnet allgemein den maßlosen Gebrauch von Keywords auf einer Seite, mit dem Ziel, das Ranking der Seite für dieses Keyword zu verbessern. Diese Technik funktionierte ungefähr bis Anfang 2000. Oftmals war es bei dieser Taktik auch üblich, Keywords als „Hidden Text“ auf der Seite unterzubringen: So …What is Keyword Stuffing in SEO? Keywords are integral to SEO, but their misuse through keyword stuffing can lead to significant issues. This tactic, aimed at …4. Article Spinning. Typically done with software, article spinning is the black hat tactic of trying to recreate quality content using different words, phrases, and organization. Essentially, the ...As digital marketing continues to grow in popularity, it’s important for businesses to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and keywords. Knowing which digital marketing keywords a...Google defines keyword stuffing as the practice of repetitively adding words or phrases to a webpage in an attempt to manipulate the ranking in Google’s search results, as well as to include SEO keywords, such as a list of phone numbers without much added value... Types of keyword stuffing: Keyword stuffing is when a word or phrase …Keyword stuffing checker. With keyword density analyzer you can detect the density of words, bigrams and trigrams. With quick navigation it's easy to switch between types of words. Online text editor. Online editor helps to rewrite phrases and sentences that include spam words. Our algorithm each 2 seconds recalculates keyword density percentage.Keyword stuffing involves the repetition of phrases corresponding most closely to a website. One of the most common practices is to insert them as in the ...What Is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is a spammy SEO tactic that involves unnaturally forcing keywords into webpages. With the aim of ranking higher on the …Sep 14, 2023 · Según Koller (2021), el keyword stuffing no es una técnica legítima ni acorde a las normas de calidad de Google. Por ello, el buscador ha lanzado actualizaciones que filtran páginas que caen en el uso de estas prácticas. Como podrás imaginar, no es una práctica segura, ya que se corre el riesgo de perder totalmente el posicionamiento de ... Dec 7, 2020 · What is keyword stuffing? Keyword stuffing is a spammy SEO technique that involves using a keyword at a high frequency on a web page in order to rank better for that keyword. In the early days of the internet, keyword stuffing was quite popular. Nowadays, it is an outdated technique that can actually hurt your rankings. May 16, 2019 ... Keyword stuffing, to put it simply, is your keyword density taken too far. Generally, you are considered to be keyword stuffing when you have ...If you’re looking to boost your website’s visibility and attract more organic traffic, keyword research is an essential step in your content marketing strategy. One powerful tool t...Aug 21, 2023 · [Updated Aug. 21st 2023] Keyword stuffing is a black hat SEO technique that involves overusing keywords on a web page in an attempt to manipulate search engine rankings. This can involve repeating the same keyword multiple times in the content, including irrelevant keywords, and using hidden text or links to increase keyword density. Why keyword stuffing is bad. Unfortunately, when businesses or brands end up stuffing their web content with keywords, intentionally or unintentionally, there are negative consequences for the site. 1. Penalties. Due to the malicious use of keyword stuffing in the past for SEO, search engines have wisened up and penalised sites guilty …Keyword stuffing is the practice of overusing target keywords in a web page’s content, meta tags, or meta description in an attempt to manipulate search engine rankings. While it is important to include your keyword in your content, using the same keyword multiple times within a short span is damaging …1. Pilih keyword yang tepat. Ingat, pastikan keyword yang kamu pilih sesuai dengan topik yang ingin kamu bicarakan.. Salah satu praktik keyword stuffing yang sering dilakukan adalah menggunakan keyword yang tidak relevan dengan konten.. Selain itu, gunakan keyword yang memiliki keyword difficulty yang rendah serta search volume …Keyword stuffing is the practice of repeating a target keyword or phrase excessively in a web page, especially in the title, meta tags, headings, and content.How to deal with keyword Stuffing? If Density is less than 3 percent then it’s nothing to worry about, but if it exceeds this limit then it will be considered as keyword stuffing. First Trick is to use different …Keyword stuffing is the practice of adding keywords repeatedly and unnaturally in an article to increase a website's ranking in search results. Navigate to the executive hub on this dedicated page for big businesses.History Of Keyword Stuffing. A few years ago SEO professionals were heavily using keyword stuffing techniques. Those were the days when search engines were not smart enough. They strongly depended on the exact match keywords on a page. Google and other search engines used to rank those pages which had exact match …Unfortunately, as time went on, publications began keyword stuffing; publishing irrelevant, poorly-written content with specific keywords just to drive traffic. Eventually, search engines — largely led by Google, and the constantly-changing Google search algorithm — became more advanced. Instead, a more contextual-based …Mar 11, 2024 · Keyword stuffing is the practice of overloading your website’s content with an excessive number of keywords, often in a way that feels unnatural, forced, and disrupts the flow of the writing. This outdated tactic is a direct violation of Google’s webspam policie s, created to protect the quality of search results. Keyword Stuffing से कैसे बचें या रोकें. कुछ Blogger बहुत अच्छे और Natural तरीके से Content लिखते हैं लेकिन फिर भी वो post google search में दिखाई नहीं देता है क्यूंकि वो जाने अनजाने में Keyword ...Keyword stuffing is a problem with search engines and can affect your ranking. Find out about the definition of Keyword Stuffing and how to avoid it.In a quest to achieve higher rankings on search engine results and beat the competition, website owners have implemented various strategies. Some of them don’t adhere to ethical SEO guidelines. One such practice that has sparked both curiosity and caution is “keyword stuffing.” However, the truth is that the days of indiscriminate …Hvad er keyword stuffing? Keyword stuffing er et begreb indenfor søgemaskineoptimering (SEO), som beskriver overdreven brug af keywords (altså søgeord) med henblik på bedre rangering i søgemaskinerne. Det kan f.eks. være i tekst på hjemmesiden, alt tekst og andet. Herunder er et par eksempler på, hvor …Keyword stuffing is filling a web page with keywords to manipulate search engines in the hopes of getting higher rankings. In the early days of search engine optimization (SEO), it was easy to exploit search engines and use keyword stuffing to boost ranking. However, search engines like Google have become a lot smarter and can …Keyword stuffing is when content is loaded with keywords or phrases in an attempt to manipulate a site’s ranking in search results. To recognize the practice in action, …Learn why keyword stuffing is harmful for your website and how to use keywords appropriately with informative content. Find out what qualifies as keyword stuffing, how it …Jul 18, 2020 · Keyword stuffing generally refers to the excessive and manipulative use of keywords on a page with the aim of improving the page’s ranking for that keyword without creating any benefit for the user. This technique worked until around the beginning of 2000. It was also common for this tactic to include keywords as “ hidden text ” on the ... Plus: Why fish farms are heading offshore Good morning, Quartz readers! Democrats eye control of the Senate. After flipping Pennsylvania and holding Nevada, only Georgia stands in ...What is Keyword Stuffing in Hindi - क्या आपको पता है Keyword Stuffing क्या है (और कैसे ये SEO के उपर असर डालता है. यहं आपको उसी से related जानकारी मिलेगा.Jun 16, 2021 · The idea behind keyword stuffing is that the more often a search engine spotted a word or phrase on your site, the more likely it would be to rank you for searches that included that word or phrase. On its face, the idea seems like it could work. In fact, for a long time, it actually did work. But then search engines got smarter, like they ... These fundamentals are essential to get right, whether you are a novice or a seasoned expert. The ABC's of Google Ads mistakes, part 2. The first time you open up the Google Ads co...Keyword stuffing is the practice of overusing target keywords in a web page’s content, meta tags, or meta description in an attempt to manipulate search engine rankings. While it is important to include your keyword in your content, using the same keyword multiple times within a short span is damaging …May 16, 2019 ... Keyword stuffing, to put it simply, is your keyword density taken too far. Generally, you are considered to be keyword stuffing when you have ...What Is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is a spammy SEO tactic that involves unnaturally forcing keywords into webpages. With the aim of ranking higher on the …Keywords are a vital component of effective SEO marketing. Keyword stuffing is when you pack your web page full of keywords in an effort to increase your ranking, regardless of relevance, usefulness, or readability. In Google’s early stages, content creators and copywriters would use different types of keyword-stuffing techniques to rank for ...Pengertian Keyword Stuffing. Keyword stuffing adalah sebuah praktik memasukkan kata kunci dengan jumlah banyak di dalam artikel dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan rangking yang bagus di halaman Google dan dapat meningkatkan traffic website.. Memang kata kunci merupakan salah satu faktor yang membuat konten SEO-mu menjadi baik. Melalui …Keyword stuffing is a black hat SEO technique that involves the excessive use of keywords in a website’s content in order to manipulate search engine rankings. It is a practice that is frowned upon by search engines and can lead to penalties or even a ban from the search engine.Keyword stuffing is when someone attempts to manipulate their position in the search results by concentrating relevant keywords. Search engines can tell when keywords are abnormally distributed throughout the text or in a website’s meta tags.If the same keywords follow one another too closely, the search engine will downgrade the website and it will …What is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is when you use the same keywords (or phrases) over and over again in your website’s content. It is usually easy to notice and will put readers …What is Keyword Stuffing? Keyword stuffing is when you use the same keywords (or phrases) over and over again in your website’s content. It is usually easy to notice and will put readers …Cash stuffing disadvantage No. 3: Paying in cash doesn't build credit. If you want to build credit history and improve your credit score, you can't just use cash -- you need credit …GSC Keyword Research. The Google Search Console is a goldmine of keyword ideas. Here’s how it works: First, login to your GSC account and head over to the “Performance Report”. This report shows you the terms that bring in the most clicks from Google search. Then, sort the list by “Impressions”.Keyword stuffing is a problem with search engines and can affect your ranking. Find out about the definition of Keyword Stuffing and how to avoid it.They don't provide a specific keyword density threshold either. They simply say stuffing keywords in lists, groups or out of context leads to a poor user ...Keyword Stuffing คืออะไร และทำไมถึงเป็นอันตรายต่อการทำ SEO. Keyword Stuffing คือการที่ใส่คีย์เวิร์ดหรือคำค้นหาหลักซ้ำซ้อนหรือมากเกินไปในบทความ หรือแม้แต่การทำ On ...How to use the keyword stuffing checker. 1. Enter the URL of the page you want to check keyword density and stuffing for and click the Submit button. 2. The topmost part will show you basic information about the current page. Title of the page. The URL you entered into the search box. Total word count of the page. 3.Oct 6, 2021 · When done right, resume keyword optimization is savvy and above board. It enhances your resume to work in sync with ATS without turning off recruiters. However, taking keywords to their extreme in the form of resume keyword stuffing is always a bad idea. Click to rate this article. [Total: 18 Average: 3.1] Are you looking to elevate your classic stuffed bell peppers recipe? If so, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll explore the top seasonings that will unlock incre...Mar 22, 2023 · 5. Distribusi keyword. Agar tidak terlihat stuffing keyword, Anda perlu mendistribusikan keyword secara merata pada artikel website. Pastikan pembahasannya masih nyambung dengan keyword yang ditarget jangan sampai dipaksakan. Nah demikian pembahasan mengenai keyword stuffing dan bahayanya bagi SEO. Untuk Anda yang saat ini masih menerapkan ...

Step 2: Choose “Keywords Explorer” and write a keyword that you consider (in this case, its “link building agency”) Step 3: Pay attention to the main metrics like “Keyword Difficulty” and “Search Volume”. Then create content around keywords with good metrics and chances to rank high. . Www.truist com

keyword stuffing

Keyword density - for me, a red flag is raised anytime this phrase is used even if it's checked only to 'make sure we're not keyword stuffing.' Content should be created to be as helpful as possible to the human visitor; if that's done, search bots should pick up on what your site is about '_organically.' _ Pun intended.Keyword stuffing is the practice of overloading a webpage with keywords in an attempt to manipulate a site's ranking in search engine results. This tactic includes inserting an excessive number of keywords into the …Keyword stuffing is an unethical SEO approach where a webpage is loaded with excessive or irrelevant keywords to manipulate search engines and gain higher rankings. This practice employs tactics such as putting large sets of unnecessarily repeated keywords in content paragraphs, meta tags , alt text of images, or even hiding them …Don't do it." Keyword stuffing, by the way, super easy to pattern match for engines. It's going to make searchers click the Back button. So use a lot of caution if you're thinking about that. What about on-page keyword use? Remember that on-page keyword use is only a small piece of the algorithm. We're talking …Hvad er keyword stuffing? Keyword stuffing er et begreb indenfor søgemaskineoptimering (SEO), som beskriver overdreven brug af keywords (altså søgeord) med henblik på bedre rangering i søgemaskinerne. Det kan f.eks. være i tekst på hjemmesiden, alt tekst og andet. Herunder er et par eksempler på, hvor …What Is Keyword Stuffing? As mentioned earlier, keyword stuffing is a practice where content creators unnecessarily place many keywords into an article to boost and optimize it for SEO. While keywords are essential in ranking, adding too much is sometimes good. As such, this practice should be avoided at …May 24, 2021 ... A SEO technique used by Web designers to overload keywords onto a Web page so that search engines will read the page as being relevant in a ...Sep 15, 2021 · A keyword, or a focus keyword as some call it, is a word that describes the content on your page or post best. It’s the search term that you want to rank for with a certain page. So when people search for that keyword or phrase in Google or other search engines, they should find that page on your website. Let’s say you’ve got a website ... Keyword stuffing is the practice of including as many SEO keywords within the page copy as possible. The purpose of this is to manipulate the page value assigned by search engines and rank higher in the Search Engine ResultsPage (SERP). This can be achieved by using various techniques, such … See moreSelain itu, keyword stuffing juga bisa dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan keyword pada tempat yang tidak terlihat oleh pembaca, seperti pada meta tag dan alt tag. Mengapa Keyword Stuffing Buruk Untuk SEO? Keyword stuffing adalah praktik yang tidak sesuai dengan praktik terbaik SEO dan melanggar pedoman Google. …Keyword Stuffing từng là một trong những kỹ thuật SEO được nhiều bạn SEOer truyền tai nhau nhằm gia tăng thứ hạng cho website. Thế nhưng, ở thời điểm hiện tại Keyword Stuffing không còn được ưa chuộng, thậm chí nếu bạn không biết cách tối ưu còn có nguy cơ dính án phạt của Google.Keyword stuffing is the practice of inserting a large number of keywords into a web page’s content, usually in an attempt to manipulate a site’s ranking in search engines. This technique involves the deliberate overuse of keywords on a web page. Keyword stuffing can be done for many reasons, but …GSC Keyword Research. The Google Search Console is a goldmine of keyword ideas. Here’s how it works: First, login to your GSC account and head over to the “Performance Report”. This report shows you the terms that bring in the most clicks from Google search. Then, sort the list by “Impressions”.Keyword stuffing is reported to be a common penalty trigger. A Google penalty can be partial, affecting specific pages, or applied to your entire site. As a result, your content …Keyword stuffing is a form of spam where a website owner tries to add a disproportionately large number of keywords onto a page in a bid to improve their search rankings. Although keyword stuffing used to be a very effective way of ranking higher in the SERPs, today it’s considered a spam technique and can even be penalized by …Keyword density is the number of times a keyword appears on a web page compared to the total word count. Learn why it matters, how to calculate it, and how to avoid ….

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